c. it pays too little attention to the role early life experiences. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. Key features of the perspective include a belief in human perfectibility, personal fulfillment, valuing self-disclosure, placing feelings over intellect, an emphasis on the present, and hedonism. Second, we must remember what a model does to imitate it. And if a nipple is placed in their mouth, they will also automatically suck via the sucking reflex. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? You have likely heard about Pavlov and his dogs, but what you may not know is that this was a discovery made accidentally. 64. e. Models of abnormality are general hypotheses as to the nature of psychological abnormalities. ChaeWoo has been participating in weekly therapy for several years. 25. a. existential b. humanistic c. sociocultural d. behavior-focused, 139. A common example is Lithium; side effects include loss of coordination, hallucinations, seizures, and frequent urination. Watson believed that the subject matter of psychology was to be observable behavior, and to that end, psychology should focus on the prediction and control of behavior. c. gestalt Also of importance to the neuron is the myelin sheath or the white, fatty covering which: 1) provides insulation so that signals from adjacent neurons do not affect one another and, 2) increases the speed at which signals are transmitted. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, weight gain, restlessness, tremors, and rigidity. d. show unconditional positive regard for the clients statements. After several conditioning trials, the child responded with fear to the mere presence of the white rat (Panel C). The psychologist credited with paving the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy is: The psychologist who is said to have made it possible for psychologists to do psychotherapy is called "the pioneer." How so? Exemplify the effect of attributions on creating abnormal behavior. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. 2 Models of Abnormality There are six models in Abnormal Psychology which aim to describe and explain psychological abnormalities and how the treatment works for each. Finally, the sociocultural model indicated the role of socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors on abnormal behavior. 55. Those who sit in the back of the room are underachievers who dont care. c. moderate to severe mental illness and a coexisting developmental disorder. There is no individual model that completely explains human behavior and so each model contributes in its own way. 2.2.3.1. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? a. psychodynamic Abnormal behavior in the family causes an individual to develop dual personalities: one for the public and one for at home. c. Behavior that one group would classify as abnormal may be the norm in another group. 107. After you perform poorly on the exam, you blame your professor. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. This approach stresses the need for people to re-create themselves continually and be self-aware, acknowledges that anxiety is a normal part of life, focuses on free will and self-determination, emphasizes that each person has a unique identity known only through relationships and the search for meaning, and finally, that we develop to our maximum potential. 128. Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term issues is called: a. primary prevention. a. quaternary b. secondary c. tertiary d. meta. Borderline personality disorder has also been found to be higher in people in low-income brackets (Tomko et al., 2012) and group differences for personality disorders have been found between African and European Americans (Ryder, Sunohara, and Kirmayer, 2015). Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the: a. inferiority of particular cultural groups. c. people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. Postconditioning. The next morning, researchers placed a hungry cat in the puzzle box and set a small amount of food outside the box, just close enough to be smelled. Of course, most people do not experience this but instead are made to feel that they can only be loved and respected if they meet certain standards, called conditions of worth. A theorist who takes an evolutionary perspective on abnormal behavior would MOST likely agree that: at one time what is now often labeled abnormal behavior actually helped humans survive. As such, he continues to steal her toys. Researchers who have looked into the link between religious devotion and psychological well-being have come to the following conclusion that: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior? a. d. Each model views childhood trauma as a factor contributing to abnormal behavior. Asking yourself what if something happens, without being satisfied by any of the answers. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: a. intellectualization. 162. c. psychoanalytic theory. A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the _____ tradition. Nikolais grandmother has just baked cookies and is placing them on a cooling rack. Outline observational learning/social-learning theory and the work of Bandura. b. Freud. Operant conditioning. The greatest strength or appeal of the behavioral model is that its tenets are easily tested in the laboratory, unlike those of the psychodynamic model. b. existential therapy. According to the Genetics Home Reference website as part of NIHs National Library of Medicine, a gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene). Clarify how gender factors affect mental illness. Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. 2.2.2.3. b. a biological predisposition is the primary factor leading to abnormality. They may be positive and include friendly, affectionate feelings, or negative, and include hostile and angry feelings. c. mitigate unacceptable impulses. In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on: a. the biological differences between men and women. A self-help group differs from group therapy in that the self-help group: A primary prevention approach is expected to be MOST beneficial for mental health issues with: Which phrase would one be MOST likely to hear in a self-help group? b. repression. According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: a. repression. This shows the recent belief that the key to psychological disorders lies in: a. specific brain structures. b. cultural. c. unconditional positive regard. c. how prejudice and discrimination impact women. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude toward the world. 85. All while doing this, we will identify areas of concern for psychologists focused on the treatment of mental disorders. Additionally, you might have wondered if the person or animal will try to make the response again in the future even though it stopped being reinforced in the past. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. d. reality principle. The force that is in control in this example is the: The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a person's head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: The objective of the Human Genome Project was to: Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of: During a meeting, Shonda's manager asks her to free associate about her coworker's performance. These two cases demonstrate what principle of developmental psychopathology? Which statement would a family systems theorist MOST likely agree with? Figure 2.9 shows that that are two main components that make up a reinforcement schedule when you will reinforce and what is being reinforced. a. This is an example of behavior modification using: With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: let their thoughts flow, without judgment. b. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. If this is true, how can we know anything about controversial matters? Furthermore, some patients report feeling as though they lack speech or motor control, thus feeling at times like a robot. 121. Counselors, clinical psychologists, and psychotherapists often work directly in . Treatment starts with determining situations in which assertiveness is lacking and developing a hierarchy of assertiveness opportunities. These two components pair up as follows: Finally, four properties of operant conditioning extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, and stimulus discrimination are important. In the past, we have conducted trephination and lobotomies, neither of which are used today. Finally, acceptance techniques help reduce a clients worry and anxiety. What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? When a child yells and threatens others, he or she is placed in a time-out, away from the group. b. is not led by a professional clinician. In fact, in many college classrooms, this is exactly what the instructor does. c. increased participation in very high-risk activities. b. A reliance on medication for treatment and belief that psychological illness is much like physical illness. Providing routine mental health screenings, followed by immediate intervention as needed. According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is: a. existential. d. It focuses on educational goals rather than therapeutic purposes. d. existential. If it receives sufficient stimulation, causing the polarity inside the neuron to rise from -70 mV to -55mV (. Neurotransmitters. a. b. cognitive-behavioral Trauma, stress, and other extreme stressors are predictive of depression. 2.2.3.2. Next, a fear hierarchy, or list of feared objects and situations, is constructed in which the individual moves from least to most feared. They protect us from anxiety and operate unconsciously by distorting reality. d. discounted the concept of abnormality and focused on acceptance. Recognizing the signs that you or someone you love may have a mental disorder is the first step toward getting treatment. Reinforcement and punishment can occur as two types positive and negative. c. unconditional positive regard. This therapy is BEST described as: a. relational psychoanalytic therapy. Terms in this set (124) Marie comes from a supportive, loving family and has a stable socio-economic background. Of course, removing cognition from the study of psychology ignored an important part of what makes us human and separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom. b. biological forces, culture, and learning. The biopsychosocial model examines the health and other illnesses and product behavior with biological features and behavioral factors.Several health psychologists work with healthcare experts and patients to help . This is an example of behavior modification using: They act as a glue and hold the neuron in place. In Chapter 2, we first distinguished uni- and multi-dimensional models of abnormality and made a case that the latter was better to subscribe to. It consists of the brain and spinal cord. d. psychoanalytic therapy. There is not a leader, and everyone is equal. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: a. cognition-focused therapists. How does the cognitive model approach psychopathology? a. tertiary b. mutual-help c. cognitive-behavioral d. integrative behavioral. b. d. libido. Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a "here and now" orientation, are _____ therapists. a. cognitive-behavioral b. humanistic-existential c. psychodynamic d. cognitive. The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. d. genes. The disadvantages should outweigh the advantages and help you to end the struggle and accept what is unknown. Choose one answer. You immediately focus all of your energy on the financial implications of your partners departure and ways to save money. See Figure 2.4 below. Those who are not assertive are often overly passive and never get what they want or are unreasonably aggressive and only get what they want. b. control biological factors by focusing on behavior. 90. Explain the need for a multi-dimensional model of abnormality. To truly understand brain structure and chemistry, it is a good idea to understand how communication occurs within the nervous system. A perfect run will not be possible because "I'm going to screw up!" The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a persons head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: a. vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). There were times when something bit my foot while I was swimming, but I didn't get hurt at all. Schemas and cognitive errors. Which conclusion can be drawn from this finding? b. unconditional self-regard. What is it? Another example is how a baby will root for a food source if the mothers breast is placed near their mouth. b. psychologically healthy people have more time and energy for religion. a. gestalt 2.3.3.2. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. d. modifying the clients negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. Or, they are easily distracted and sits in the back so that all stimuli are in front of him/her. Check out Figure 2.10 to see if you do. She is constantly looking to friends and family members for help with these decisions and gets anxious when she has to decide alone. There are two main ways they can present themselves. c. There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current divorce rates. She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. Life involves a degree of uncertainty, and at times we must accept this. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality?, Which of the following is a particular strength of the clinical interview process?, Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to:, What requires a client to view one inkblot card at a time and describe what he or she sees in the image? The development of personality. 2.3.4.3. d. encourages individuals to share information with the group. a. modeling. With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: a. focus on setting goals for the future. But did you ever go to your grandparents house and grandma or grandpaor worse, BOTHtook pity on you and let you play your video games (or something equivalent)? 76. Primary refers to reinforcers and punishers that have their effect without having to be learned. Observational learning. The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior.. As such, he continues to steal her toys. b. behavior-focused therapists. In terms of operant conditioning, strategies include antecedent manipulations, prompts, punishment procedures, differential reinforcement, habit reversal, shaping, and programming. d. lend itself easily to research. Which statement about paradigms is FALSE? b. biological. Content that was turned away was said to be repressed. a. What is an important characteristic of group therapy? The perspective is overly precise. 2.2.2. A goal of behavior-focused therapy is to: a. prevent feelings of anger and acts of aggression. 157. The humanistic perspective. d. damage control. Operant conditioning is a type of associate learning which focuses on consequences that follow a response or behavior that we make (anything we do, say, or think/feel) and whether it makes a behavior more or less likely to occur. All forget that there is no individual model that completely explains human behavior, or in this case, abnormal behavior, and so each model contributes in its own way. c. develop depression but recover more quickly. A feminist therapist would MOST likely focus on: how prejudice and discrimination impact women. 2.3.3.6. d. researching the effectiveness of the therapy. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. They might go through reuptake, which is the process of the presynaptic neuron taking up excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space for future use or enzymatic degradation when enzymes destroy excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space. The pairing must occur more than once so that needless pairings are not learned such as someone farting right before your food comes out and now you salivate whenever someone farts (at least for a while. 53. Regret orientation Focusing on what you could have done better in the past rather than on improving now. A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. Its key figures were Abraham Maslow, who proposed the hierarchy of needs, and Carl Rogers, who we will focus on here. d. existential, 125. The uni-dimensional model proposes a single factor as the cause of psychopathology while the multi-dimensional model integrates multiple causes of psychopathology and affirms that each cause comes to affect other causes over time. None of the models are complete within themselves. These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells. Likewise, twin and family studies have shown that people with first-degree relatives suffering from OCD are at higher risk to develop the disorder themselves. The procedure is still the most controversial available to mental health professionals due to its effectiveness vs. the side effects, the objectivity of ECT experts, and the recent increase in ECT as a quick and easy solution, instead of long-term psychotherapy or hospitalization (https://www.mhanational.org/ect). d. people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. c. limitations of a focus on ethnicity. a. guidelines. How is the anatomy of the brain important to a discussion of psychopathology? b. the different patterns of communication displayed by men and women. In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. The cognitive model focuses on schemas, cognitive errors, attributions, and maladaptive cognitions and offers strategies such as CBT, cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills training, and acceptance. Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: a. genetic make-up. PSYC 203 Chapter 2: Models of Abnormality, Week 12: CNS Drugs Neurodegenerative, Neurolo, Week 11: PNS Drugs (Cholinergic, Adrenergic). d. are considered to be fueled by the libido. Its a simple strategy, but an important one. c. manifest content.
Boston Police Warrant List,
Anniversary Wishes During Tough Times,
Articles W
