General. I have friends from Bulgaria and I can tell you that they have problems by understanding some things. Routledge. Postby voron 2018-01-26, 22:33. He said he is frequent visitor in Poland and therefore he speaks Polish. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in . Young czechs and slovaks communicate on internet on daily basis and they understand each other just perfectly. Needless to say, Polish is very familiar too, except its phonology, getting the gist of which is just a matter of some time. I speak tokavski croatian (and can read and understand serbian (both cyrillic and latin) and can adapt my croatian to be more serbian grammatically and with vocabulary) and just recently I had a conversation where I spoke croatian and the other person spoke polish. I cannot understand that much of kajkavski nor akavski, but I can understand more akavski than I can kajkavski. ", "English in Scotland a phonological approach", "Mutual Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages within the Romance language family", "How Konkani Won the Battle for 'Languagehood', "Algumas observaes sobre a noo de lngua portuguesa", Romanian language Britannica Online Encyclopedia, "UCLA Language Materials Project: Language Profile", "Uzbek | the Center for East European and Russian/Eurasian Studies", "Soviet Dungan nationalism: a few comments on their origin and language", "The Linguistic Characteristic Of Esan Language: Towards Its Empowerment and Development", "Mutual intelligibility of spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic functionally tested: A pilot study", "Gdzie "sicz", a gdzie "porohy"?! Linguistic distance is the relative degree of difference between languages or dialects. When Kievan Rus' fell to the Mongols in the 13th century, the formerly united states became split, and what were once very closely-related dialects began to . 70%? Belarussian is nonetheless a separate language from both Ukrainian and Russian. Is there any way you could give me percentage figures for these observations of your wifes? I am communicating very often with speakers of the other Slavic languages, so I did an experiment and I tried to write something in Bulgarian for one first time. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). Swarte will be awarded a PhD by the University of Groningen on 3 March. Kajkavian was removed from public use after 1900, hence writing in the standard Kajkavian literary language was curtailed. If you're russian you understand the meaning of what other is saying to a degree of around 80%. In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all unsupervised, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. 8. For Macedonian without knowledge of other Slavic languages is also difficult to understand all the words which come from Russian and which are not current in Macedonian. Macedonian has 65% oral and written intelligibility of Bulgarian. Slovak: 20% Yes because governments dont conspire do they except for the Gulf of Tonkin, Iraq war, drug trafficking, coups, supporting the same Islamic terrorism which is even mentioned in main stream press during the 90s with links to the 9/11 hijackers which we are now supposably fighting a phoney war on terror against. Serbo-Croatian has only 20% intelligibility of Ukrainian. Method: It is important to note that the percentages are in general only for oral intelligibility and only in the case of a situation of a pure inherent intelligibility test. Even the basic words are almost the same. possession is indicated most frequently using dative pronouns, unlike Serbians tendency to use possessive pronouns in greater frequency If you know Polish, you're likely to understand a little Russian, Ukrainian and other Slavic languages, but this doesn't mean that the languages are mutually intelligible. Some say that West Palesian is actually a separate language, but the majority of Belarussian linguists say it is a dialect of Belarussian (Mezentseva 2014). Less than 90% mutual intelligibility = separate languages. 25/01/23 | StarsInsider. Same question, how much Chakavian can your average Shtokavian speaker understand in percentage? I am a native Czech speaker, I understand Slovak (a lot of exposure, many visits, many colleagues) and Russian (studied at school, many visits) in all three languages I am close 100% understanding of news, yet for Polish, Ukrainian and Croat I would rate my understanding at 15-20%, with no significant improvement just from being in the country (I have spent in total about 20 weeks in Croatia, 4 in Ukraine, 3 in Poland). Also what is a dialect and what is a language? becomes confusing for me since I can say a sentence in Kai/Cha thats almost the same in Slovene but different in BSCM standards. To my opinion, Macedonian and Bulgarian would be today much closer if Macedonian had not been heavily influenced by Serbian and Bulgarian not influenced so much by Russian. Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. She didnt have any problem following. In the towns of Pirot and Vranje, it cannot be said that they speak Serbo-Croatian; instead they speak this Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian mixed speech. demonstratives (tk~ovd vs. tuka~ovde, tamo vs. tamu) and some elementary adverbs (sg vs. sega now; jutre vs. utre tomorrow; dns(ke) ~ deneska today, fera vs. vera yesterday) are fairly similar; Ni Torlak uses multiple sets of demonstratives as its 3rd person pronouns (toj/ta/to/ti/te/ta, onj/on/on/on/on/on, ovj/ov/ov/ov/ov/ov, in descending order of frequency) as opposed to Serbians almost exclusive use of on/ona/ono/oni/one/ona and standard Macedonians use of toj/taa/toa/tie Eastern Slovak has ~80% intelligibility of Rusyn. There is as much Czech literature and media as Slovak literature and media in Slovakia, and many Slovaks study at Czech universities. It's not learning, but for become understanding - Ukrainian must listen Polish language from some hours to some days to get used to very specific pronunciation. 5%? I would hazzard to say that Polish and Czech languages are at minimum 50% Intelligible and comprehensible between Poles and Czechs (when spoken with normal pace ) and at least 60-70% . In writing, German is also somewhat mutually intelligible with Dutch. Much of the claimed intelligibility between Czech and Slovak was simply bilingual learning. Given that Polish and Russian belong to different groups under the same language family, we can deduce that these two languages share a lot of similarities but also have many differences. A number of native speakers of various Slavic lects were interviewed about mutual intelligibility, language/dialect confusion, the state of their language, its history and so on. I can easily translate the first two sentences: Bulgarian is the oldest documented Slavic language. The problem is that most linguists are not interested in scientific intelligibility testing of language pairs. Go back to your kennel. I work with Russians (dro. Serbo-Croatian intelligibility of Slovenian is 25-30%. The post-1991 reforms of the Ukrainian language were not an introduction of Polish or Western Ukrainian as some Russian nationalists (and non-nationalists, who believe them) claim, but rather a return to a standard adopted in Kharkiv in 1927. Is there any particular method to determine this? Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Kajkavski it seems has changed less than akavski. I can barely understand czech (slovak I havent tried) and, as similar as it is to croatian, I can only understand a little slovenian. the use of the accusative is nearly identical in Ni Torlak and Kumanovo Macedonian (cannot say the same for standard Macedonian as it has no accusative to begin with) and is, in general, more of an oblique case than anything else NATO EU. Robert Lindsay. It is estimated that there is 89% lexical similarity with French, 87% similarity with Catalan (spoken in Southern Spain), 85% with Sardinian, 82% with Spanish, 78% with Ladin (spoken in Northern Italy) and 77% with Romanian. Linguistic distance is the name for the concept of calculating a measurement for how different languages are from one another. Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) I have had people give me personal estimates like 40%, 85%, 60-65%, 70%,10-15%, less than 1%, etc. Serbs did not have the same language contact with the Macedonian language as Macedonians with Serbocroatian did. Briefly put, mutual intelligibility is when speakers of one language can understand a related language to some degree. No, you cannot. 1. Im Czech . Can you give me a figure for how much of a Bulgarian text you can understand? most speakers of one language find it relatively easy to achieve some degree of understanding in the related language(s). The only (still rather minor) problem that I had with this text was the part Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija (Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria), because I could not understand Nared s osnovnata. Some comments on Ukrainian: I can understand quite a bit of basic polish when it is spoken on the street, but their pronunciation is so weird its hard to notice sometimes. Ukrainian, and Belarusian. can take anywhere. Hutsul, Lemko, Boiko speech (small Ukrainian/Rusyn dialects) stangely enough, more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. So, i've been interested about how much Polish speakers can understand Ukrainian without learning the language, but, most results i found said it's not really mutually intelligible, despite sharing alot or some words. In Linguistics, this MI stuff is noncontroversial. There is an old Kajkavian-Chakavian dialect continuum of which little remains, although some of the old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects are still spoken (Jembrigh 2014). Pei Mario (1949). For true MI testing, we want virgin ears, and it has to be both ways. Here are the estimates about inteligebility with other Slavic languages from a person thats fluent in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian: (. Theres a good reason for this: mutual intelligibility. When it is relatively symmetric, it is characterized as "mutual". The diffete. The Russian language doesn't have a sound for " ." Ukrainian is a mostly phonetic language. Woof woof! I can give you an example of how I can read Bulgarian: Its grammar is close to that of Russian. True science would involve scientific intelligibility testing of Slavic language pairs. That barrier, however, is not too difficult to overcome. Older people who rembember federation understand everything. In other cases, I had to rely on the context. Serbo-Croatian and Russian have 10-15% intelligibility, if that, yet written intelligibility is higher at 25%. Russian 20 % spoken, 30 % written Russian is actually a little further, but most Belarusian speakers are bilingual (Bel-Rus) and most Ukrainian . With Lonely Planet's Ukrainian Phrasebook, let no barriers . Yet we speak of Kai/Cha as of Serbo-Croatian dialects, while Slovenian is totally foreign. Accent is on last or penultimate syllable. Greg, Kaikavian is dialect of Slovenian language. Personally, I must admit that Serbs from areas above Nis (cf. Probably, ja u da radim for Bosnians and Croatians sounds very Serbian. I have to really focus and try hard to understand them but with patience I can get buy. Nevertheless, although intelligibility with Slovenian is high, Kajkavian lacks full intelligibility with Slovenian. Belic) maybe do not understand Macedonian so well as Macedonian the Serbian language do (because of the according to you Bilingual learning . Then she asked me to go do something useful, so this is all I can contribute with. Its predecessor stage is known in Western academia as Ruthenian (14th to 17th centuries), in turn descended from what is referred to in modern linguistics as Old East Slavic (10th to 13th centuries). Scientific intelligibility studies of Czech and Slovak have shown ~82% quite high but still low enough for them to be closely related separate languages and not dialects of one language. Personal communication. It is not true at all that Ukrainian and Russian are mutually intelligible, as Russian only has 50% intelligibility of Ukrainian. 0%? This debate occurred only in Croatian linguistic circles, and the public knows nothing about it (Jembrigh 2014). For example the word najgolemata (the biggest) written in Serbian latin means najvea in Serbian, but I somehow know what golem/golema means, but when I hear this ta (definite article) in the end of the word, that sounds Macedonian to me more than golema, prefix naj (makes superlative form) is the same in Serbian. 5 (2): 135146. between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian Jeff Lindsay estimates that Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Check out his page on the FBI 10 most wanted website. Czech and Slovak are simply dialects of this one tongue. Sets of similar languages are the result of shared origin, so knowing a little more about mutual intelligibility can help you understand their origin. Thank you very much for this. The problem is that native speakers can understand other speakers of their own language. Thread starter Bamaro; Start date Feb 15, 2023 . Sorry I can`t give you percentage. There can be various reasons for this. Many Silesian speakers now speak a watered down version of Silesian which is more properly seen as a Polish dialect with some Silesian words. The key problem of Bulgarian is the different gramar the lack of declination and the use of postpositive articles. The reason that these languages seem to be mutually intelligible is because almost all Ukrainians are bilingual anyway, and capable of switching between the two at will. The Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family is known for its languages being relatively closely related. My take on it is right here. This has, however, more to do with the new Ukrainian norm. Hence the figures are averages taken from statements by native speakers of the languages in question. . Grammar is almost identical. Do you speak Boyko or Hutsul? What sort of Slav nation are you a part of my friend? However, the Croatian macrolanguage has strange lects that Standard Croatian (tokavian) cannot understand. Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian) has 55% intelligibility of Macedonian (varies from 25-90%), 27% of Slovenian, 25% of Slovak, 20% of Ukrainian, 13% of oral Bulgarian and 25% of written Bulgarian, 10% of oral Russian and 22% of written Russian, 10% of Czech, and 5% of Polish. Hello, can you tell me, how much Kajkavian can your average Chakavian speaker understand in percentage? Spoken Bulgarian is very difficult to understand for other Slavs due to phonology and unique syllable stress. Czech and Polish are incomprehensible to Serbo-Croatian speakers (Czech 10%, Polish 5%), but Serbo-Croatian has some limited comprehension of Slovak, on the order of 25%. I use Ethnologues list of languages and dialects, but extend it a bit. Serbo-Croatian dialects in relation to Slovene, Macedonian, and Bulgarian: The non-standard vernacular dialects of Serbo-Croatian (i.e. I have the hardest time to understand anything of Bulgarian, it sounds really fast and choppy but similar to Russian sometimes. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . Re: Cz/Slo There are distinct regional variations of Arabic. Also akavian has some elements of its own. Contents1 Can Slovenians understand Croatian?2 What languages are mutually intelligible with Croatian?3 What is the closest language to Slovenian?4 Which two . No there is not. Some people in Croatia asked me if I speak Kajkavian when I spoke Slovenian with my friends. Some islanders go even further than that and don`t consider themselves ethnic Croats. Polish has 22% intelligibility of Silesian, 12% of Czech, 6% of Russian, and 5% of Bulgarian. Ukrainian and Belarusian are the closest languages, as together with Russian they form the East Slavic group of languages. There is just a little problem to understand east Slovaks for Czechs from naywhere. Ive done tests with my friends shtokavians-only (or monolingual Croats regarding the situation here) and it was very interesting. They give you strict % figures, and it is pretty amazing. Once you learn Ukrainian, you can understand Polish, Czech, Belarusian, or other Slavic languages because they are quite similar. I grew up as a Ukrainian speaker in North America. some things in this article are heavily exaggerated. Although Chakavian is clearly a separate language from Shtokavian Croatian, in Croatia it is said that there is only one Croatian language, and that is Shtokavian Croatian. . More properly, their speech is best seen as closer to Macedonian than to Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian. A Serb gave me this information. We speak them too. 99% of people in Ukraine are bilinguals who essentially speak and learn both Russian and Ukrainian from birth (although depending on the region, ones prevailence over the other varies). They say, ~60%, ~65%, etc. The intelligibility of Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is highly controversial, and intelligibility studies are in order. Mi povidamo Horvatski jazik means We speak croatian language in akavian. Italian is partially mutually intelligible with French, Catalan, Sardinian, Spanish, Ladin and Romanian. Burgenland Croatian, spoken in Austria, is intelligible to Croatian speakers in Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, but it has poor intelligibility with the Croatian spoken in Croatia. Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written I dismiss some of the wilder conspiracy stuff out of hand. Some say it is a part of Czech, but more likely it is a part of Polish like Silesian. Ive not read em myself. akavski has considerably more italian influence, due to many of the people there speaking italian (vicinity to italy) and the presence of istriot language and the former presence of dalmatian language. Ukrainian much less comprehensible. It is commonly believed that all Slavic languages are fully mutually intelligible, which implies that they are close Polish 5 % spoken, 20 % written As an example, in the case of a linear dialect continuum that shades gradually between varieties, where speakers near the center can understand the varieties at both ends with relative ease, but speakers at one end have difficulty understanding the speakers at the other end, the entire chain is often considered a single language. Re: Rus/Ukr Mr.Lindsay, It is not intelligible with Shtokavian, although this is controversial. If you think this website is valuable to you, please consider a contribution to support the continuation of the site. In addition, the Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian and Russian such as (Slobozhan Ukrainian and Slobozhan Russian) spoken in Kantemirov (Voronezhskaya Oblast, Russia), and Kuban Russian or Balachka spoken in the Kuban area right over the eastern border of Ukraine are very close to each other. Very interesting. It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). Spanish is also partially mutually intelligible with Italian, Sardinian and French, with respective lexical similarities of 82%, 76% and 75%. It differs from the rest of Silesian in that it has undergone heavy Czech influence. Serbians and Bosnians not so such. Reactions: So far there have been few reactions to the paper. However, my girlfriend never ever says these words and rather uses on and ona just like in Serbian. 60%? Ukrainian pronounces the "o" as "o" whereas Russians pronounce it typically as an "a." The Ukrainian "" and "" have different pronunciations compared to their Russian equivalents, "" and "". Their mutual intelligibility varies greatly, between the dialects themselves, with Shtokavian, and with other languages. In addition, a Net search was done of forums where speakers of Slavic languages were discussing how much of other Slavic languages they understand. Much of the language has changed lots of Turkish loans have been dropped, plenty of standard Serbian terminology has made its way in but Ive had less of a communication issue in Kumanovo (north-eastern Macedonia) than Belgrade (capital of Serbia) back when I was but a young lad. Thanks for clearing this up! | Animals | Slavic Languages Comparison The Best Online German Learning Resources Ukrainian phrases Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback Lonely Planet: The world's leading travel guide publisher. 50% Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9 In recent years, many of the German words are falling out of use and being replaced by Polish words, especially by young people. I can understand about 50% 75% of Bulgarian and Macedonian enough to get buy and carry on a conversation. Is there an agreed-upon standard? Torlakian (considered a subdialect of Serbian Old Shtokavian by some) has significant mutual intelligibility with Macedonian and Bulgarian. I think it was mostly due to a learning few high frequency Polish words that are difficult for a Russian native speaker to understand. The thesis that Bulgarian and Macedonian are the same language is not real in the practice. However, she is from Skopje, close to the Serbian border and which have had much more influence from Serbian. President Musharraf of Pakistan says that the CIA has secretly paid his government millions of dollars for handing over hundreds of al-Qaeda suspects to America.. The grammars of sign languages do not usually resemble those of spoken languages used in the same geographical area; in fact, in terms of syntax, ASL shares more with spoken Japanese than it does with English. ????? Although most words are in fact different, they are largely similar, being cognates, which makes both languages mutually intelligible to a significant extent; . http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family The biggest Slavic language by far is Russian, which has 154 million native speakers and over 258 million speakers in total. Serbia is large and you should also ask Serbians in other regions. It is more like the other slavic languages (v instead of u, z instead of s, itd, less vowels, and no distinction between and ). Hence, many religious books were imported from Russia, and these books influenced Bulgarian. Ukrainian 15 % spoken, 25 % written I also met Croats from Zagreb that never learn Slovenian or live in Slovenia and I thought they are native Slovenian speakers because they can speak Slovenian perfectly.
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