A title board, which is comprised of the secretary of state, attorney general and director of the office of legislative legal services, Petition sponsors, with approval of attorney general, Written by petitions sponsors, approved by attorney general, Const. Timeline for taking effect: For statutes, unless specified otherwise, Oct. 1 following approval. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (MCA 13-27-302). Also requires full disclosure of campaign staffers. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Written statement at secretary of states office, mail a notarized statement to the office, or strike name through on petition (A.R.S. Geographic distribution: Not more than one-fourth the of signatures shall be from one county (Const. Which election is a measure on: A referred measure may be voted upon at a statewide election or at a special election called by the governor (NDCC Const. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to organizations supporting or opposing ballot measures considered political action committees and can be considered an unlimited committee, unlimited contributions to unlimited committees, and filing statements of organization and when contributions are made of greater than $1,000 (34 Okl.St.Ann. Prov., 3). The decision may take the form of a ballot question, a private survey, or a poll. Submission deadline of signatures: Ninety days from the official set date from the secretary of state (34 Okl.St.Ann. 4, Pt. Const. Submission deadline of signatures: Sponsors must submit signatures no later than six months before the election and can only start collecting the day after the previous general election (V.A.M.S. Which election is a measure on: General election unless the legislature orders a special election (MT CONST Art. 106.19, 100.371, 120.54), Who creates petitions: Approved by secretary of state (F.S.A. County recorder or justice of the peace. Contributions from nonresidents of the state, political committees organized outside the state or an entity that is not filed with the secretary of state for four years preceding the contribution are prohibited. Payment on a per-signature basis prohibited; bonuses based on reliability, longevity and productivity are permitted. Otherwise, they may submit an alternative measure. The public may protest as to the constitutionality of the measure. Collected in-person: Yes (C.R.S.A. VI, Subpt. XI, 7 and AS 15.45.250). The circulator must also register with the secretary of state and complete a training program specified by the secretary (OR Rev. No earlier than 75 days, and no later than 15 days, voter information pamphlet and newspaper publication (U.C.A. 14, 3), Ballot title and summary: Proponents but certified by state board of elections and reviewed by attorney general (see 10 ILCS 5/28-5; 10 ILCS 5/16-6; 5 ILCS 20/2), Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Filed at least six months before the election with the secretary of state (ILCS Const. Conflicting measures: Measure receiving most affirmative votes prevails, even if it did not receive the greatest majority of affirmative votes (V.A.M.S. Art. 19, 3; N.R.S. VI, 1 and Utah Code 20A-7-102, Laws passed by a two-thirds vote of the members of each house, Const. Proponents of an initiative, referendum, or recall effort must apply for an official petition serial number from the Town Clerk. 48, Init., Pt. XVI, 4 and Elec. What is on each petition: The format of the petition may be submitted to the chief election official of the appropriate election authority, in advance of filing the petition, for a determination of its sufficiency (Elec. Proponents are required to ensure that all circulators receive instruction on the requirements and prohibitions imposed by state law with respect to signature gathering (Elec. Art. Fourteen states do not have any process for withdrawal: Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Art. 4, Pt. Submission deadline of signatures: For indirect measures, at least 10 days before the regular session that is the session that was 10 months out when the proposed measure was submitted. Majority to pass: Majority and at least 50% of the total votes cast in the entire election (W.S.1977 22-2-117). Most states require proponents of a proposed law to follow guidelines. Submission deadline for signatures: Within 90 days following the final adjournment of the legislative session at which the law was enacted (Const. 12, 2; M.C.L.A. 3, 1; Art. If the legislature enacts the proposal, no further petition takes place and the proposal becomes law. 250.137; 250.139; 250.125; 250.067; 250.127). 295.009; 294A.150; 294A.220). 1953 20A-11-101; 20A-11-801; 20A-11-802; 20A-11-803). Const. 3599.03). 23-17-17; 23-17-19, Montana: MCA 13-27-201; 13-27-202; 13-27-204; 13-27-207, Nebraska: Neb.Rev.St. Stat. Const. 116.030) and secretary of state drafts a ballot title which appears on the petition (Mo.Rev.Stat. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (NRS 32-630 and -1404). 48, Init., Pt. Subject restrictions: Referendum shall not apply to dedications of revenue, to appropriations, to local or special legislation or to laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety (Const. M.G.L.A. Timeline for taking effect: Thirty days after the election (Const. Twenty-three states have popular referendum processes. 168.482; 168.544c). Repeal or change restrictions: Governor may not veto (MT CONST Art. Any proposed law can, with sufficient backing, be put on the ballot in an election. Art. Code 9050). However, in about half of the 24 initiative states, proponents can get drafting assistance to improve the quality and consistency of initiative proposals. Constitution 48, Init., Pt. Amend. 5, 1). 3501.38; 3519.05). Many cities and about one fourth of the states have incorporated it into their charters or constitutions. 21 1 and A.R.S. Art. Timeline for collecting signatures: Eighteen months or until April 30 of the year of the next general election, whichever is earlier (I.C. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (A.C.A. Signatures must be submitted no later than 18 months after the petition form was furnished by the secretary of state, and each signature is only valid for one year. Art. 16.061). Art. Art. Cannot stop emergency laws passed by the legislature or appropriations to support state departments or institutions. Which election is a measure on: For statutes, if not passed by the legislature within 40 days, then it is placed on the next general election's ballot. 168.474a; 168.486; 168.477; 168.32). Other subject restrictions: Amendments that propose a tax or fee not in place in November 1994 require a two-thirds vote to pass (F.S.A. 3, 19). Several states have or had statutory bans on paying circulators either per signature or in general. Const. seq). Art. Art. General review of petition: Upon request, any agency in the executive department shall assist in reviewing and preparing comments on the petition (C.R.S.A. 3, 18), Massachusetts (M.G.L.A. Paid per signature: Cannot be paid based on the number of signatures collected, but can be paid in general as long as disclosing with the secretary of state prior to collecting signatures (NDCC, 16.1-01-12; Initiative and Referendum Institute v. Jaeger, 2001). Ballot title and summary: Attorney general (Cal.Elec.Code 9004), Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: At least 131 days prior to next general election it is to be voted on (Cal.Elec.Code 9016; Cal.Const. Const. V, 3 and OK Stat. XI, 6 and AS 15.45.440). Who can sign the petition: Qualified voters (Const. Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state (Wyo. Subject restrictions: Laws providing for tax levies, appropriations for the current expenses of the state government and state institutions and emergency laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety (OH Const. Additional reports are due on the third Wednesday in January of each year the committee continues in existence. Art. First 10 signatures must be turned in by the first Wednesday of the September before the assembling of the general court . No county recorder or justice of the peace may circulate, and no circulator banned pursuant to 19-119.01 ((A.R.S. Code 23-17-3), Which election is a measure on: Statewide general election (MS Const. Art. For direct initiatives, proponents collect signatures and place the measure directly on the ballot once its certified and verified. Amend. Art. Public review or notice: Able to attend meeting on petition application review, title board meetings, ballot information booklet prepared by legislative council (C.R.S.A. Six states do not require fiscal statements: Arkansas, Idaho, Illinois, Michigan, Nebraska and Oklahoma. This page provides state primary and presidential election dates for 2024 when legislative, congressional, gubernatorial, statewide office and presidential primary contests will be on the ballots in 46 states. 1-40-111), Nebraska (Neb. Art. May be withdrawn by any of the people authorized to do so in the original application; withdrawal is made via a form prescribed by the secretary of state. c. representative democracy. 11 5). Law 6-205(d)). Contributions of $1,000 or more must be reported within 48 hours after receipt (IC 67-6607). Considered a committee if individual raises or spends more than $5,000. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Secretary of state verifies the signatures for total number and from two-thirds of the counties (W.S.1977 22-24-316). 21 1), Timeline for taking effect: Upon proclamation of the governor (A.R.S. Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general drafts ballot titles and certifies statements (O.R.S. Rev. XVI, 1), Timeline for taking effect: Thirty days after the election (Ohio Const. 250.025), Collected in-person: Yes (O.R.S. Art. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Any signer may remove their signature at any time before the petition is filed by striking it out on the petition (ORC 3501.38(H)). Contributions of $1,000 or more must be reported within 48 hours after receipt. Proponents write title. In Nevada, a constitutional amendment needs only a majority but must be approved in two consecutive elections (N.R.S. Stat. 2, 3; Const. Petition title and summary creation: The statement of purpose and implication, which is prepared by the proponent and approved by the attorney general, is the title for both the petition and ballot. Arizona. Art. Application process information: Text and proposed ballot statements are submitted to secretary of state. The chief petitioners must notify the secretary of state that at least one person will be paid, and it will say this on the petitions. Seven years (or two-thirds vote prior to seven years), Two years (or two-thirds vote prior to two years). What is on each petition: Must contain the full, true copy of the proposed measure on it on the backside or attached to it, and follow prescribed form and language, including a warning (Miss. Reports are monthly during election years and annually in nonelection years. May only be attempted once every three years. Stat. Const. Art. . Twenty-four states have citizen initiative processes. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Must file a statement of organization within 20 days of becoming a committee (Mo.Rev.Stat. Geographic entities based on U.S. House districts, which are required to be highly equal in population, have been ruled to be constitutional (for example, see Nevada). Art. Collected in-person: Yes (Elec. Lieutenant governor with assistance from attorney general, Secretary of state, approved by attorney general, Ark. Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state and approved by attorney general (V.A.M.S. Cure period for insufficient signatures: If petition is insufficient, sponsors have 30 days to solicit and obtain additional signatures, submit proof to show that rejected signatures are valid, or make the petition more definite and certain (NMSA 1-17-12). Circulator requirements: Must be 18 or older, registered with the secretary of state, and cannot have been convicted or pled guilty to forgery crimes (V.A.M.S. 3, 50; V.A.M.S. Not more than half of signers may be residents of Baltimore City or of one county. 1. Circulator requirements: Must be 18 years old and an Ohio resident (O.R.C. 2015.5), Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes (Cal.Elec.Code 104, 9022, 9610), Paid per signature: Yes, but signed oath if paid (Cal.Elec.Code 101, 9610), Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Cal.Elec.Code 18603). III, 2). Paid signature gatherers must register with the secretary of state and pay a fee of $20 for each petition they will be paid to circulate (SDCL 2-1-1.5 through -1.9). Art. III, 2. A.R.S. Which election is a measure on: Next general election held at least 131 days after signatures are certified. Amend. 23-17-17). 5, 1; C.R.S.A. Timeline for taking effect: Thirty days after the election at which it was approved (Const. Code 9001). 3519.01 and 3519.05(C). III, 2). Art. Where to file: Secretary of state (NRS 32-1405). Several states require two officials to write or review the title and/or summary, given their importance to a ballot measure. The initiative came into use at Vaud in 1845. Timeline for collecting signatures: Eighten months. Vote requirement for passage: Majority and not less than 35% of the total vote cast at the election (Const. Timeline for taking effect: The date of the official declaration of the vote thereon by proclamation of the governor, but not later than thirty days after the vote has been canvassed (Const. II, 1(b)). 32-1407), Submission deadline of signatures: Four months prior to the general election (Neb. Number of signatures required: For constitutional amendments, 10 % of the votes cast for governor in the last election. Const. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to filing any PACs formed to advance the measure, limitations on total contributions, and reporting contributions received above $1,000 at various times (N.R.S. What is on each petition: Petition includes original bill number, title and affidavit signed by no more than three proponents file the measure (34 OS 1). Const. Who creates petitions: Proponents with advising by attorney general (Cal.Elec.Code 9012), Fiscal review: Prepared by attorney general, department of finance and the legislative analyst office (Cal.Elec.Code 9005; Cal.Gov.Code 12172). 5, 1), and 60 percent of voters in Florida (F.S.A. Amend. V, 1(6)). Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Elec. It is based on the principle that officeholders are agents of the popular will and should, therefore, be constantly subject to its control. CONST. 3, 50). 11 906(6)(B)). Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited. Circulator requirements: Must be age 18 or older and resident of Ohio (I.C. County recorder or justice of the peace. Application process information: For statutory indirect initiatives, proponents must file a copy of the text with the secretary of state no earlier than Jan. 1 of the year preceding the year in which a regular session of the legislature is held. Art. Legislature or other government official review: Legislature reviews the indirect statutory initiatives. 3519.08). Ballot title and summary: Attorney general (SDCL 12-13-1.1 and -9). Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but are not limited to quarterly reporting and following rules set by board of elections (10 ILCS 5/9-15). 22-24-402). Art. The initiative and referendum process enables citizens to bypass their state legislature by placing proposed statutes and, in some states, constitutional amendments on the ballot. Initiative Election: Referendum: Recall Election: Right of citizens to propose laws or amendments for approval or rejection by the voters. Number of signatures required: Eight % of the total number of legal voters for statutes. 19, 1), Proponent organization and requirements: Must file any PACs formed to advance the measure and authorize no more than three people to withdraw or amend the petition (N.R.S. Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes, and must be notarized (C.R.S. 5, 1; A.C.A. Which election: Next regular or general election subsequent to the 125 days after filing (OH Const. 1-40-102, 1-40-105, 1-40-106). Arizona (Const. IV, 1(3)). Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (MCL 168.482 and .544c). 3, 18), Collected in-person: Yes (M.R.S.A. Legislature or other government official review: The legislature may determine method of determining fiscal impact (NDCC Const. Const. 2, 1). 5, 1). And, in some states, the review is purely technical; the proposal is reviewed to ensure it meets the legal requirements for format and style and adheres to drafting conventions. 2, 3), Who creates petitions: Secretary of state (M.G.L.A. Subject restrictions: May not be used for laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, and laws making appropriations for the current expenses of the state government, for the maintenance of state institutions and for the support of public schools (Const. Bill No. To find a specific recall, you can scroll through the items listed in the widget and click on the recall or alert for more information. Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general certifies submitted title and measure and summary by secretary of state, with attorney general oversight (M.G.L.A. Contributions in excess of $3,000 that are received after filing the pre-election report must be reported within 24 hours of receipt. Formal processes vary greatly, such as the requirement of a formal sworn statement in Missouri (V.A.M.S. Art. 14, 3 and 10 ILCS 5/28-9), Collected in-person: Yes (10 ILCS 5/28-3), Withdrawal process of individual signature: By written request before submission of the petition to state board of elections or an officer with whom filing of the petition is required (10 ILCS 5/28-3). Seven states specify a process for withdrawing a popular referendum petition from circulation; the remaining states do not. The legislature has 40 days to pass the unchanged initiative. Eighteen states require or provide for fiscal statements: Lieutenant governor provides a statement of costs. Art. The same safe and trusted content for explorers of all ages. 168.472), Oklahoma (OK Const. 1953 20A-7-205). 902) concisely require the counting and verification of signatures, without detailed guidance. She collects 500 signatures so that the city council will vote on it.This is an example of? Art. Art. 100.371), Geographic distribution: Signatures in each of one-half of the 27 congressional districts of the state (F.S.A. XVI, 3). No amendment may change more than one section, no appropriations, and no local or special laws. Rev. Art. Art. Art. Petition title and summary creation: Petition must include a summary of 100 words or less (MCL 168.482). In California (Cal.Const. Other subject restrictions: May not repeal/modify the state's Bill of Rights, amend/repeal provisions relating to the state's public employees' retirement system, amend/repeal right-to-work provision, or modify the initiative process, and special rules if includes expenditures (MS Const. [2] Three initiatives were on the California ballot the next year, in 1912, when measures 6, 7 and 8 -- to consolidate local governments, prohibit bookmaking, and set procedures for local taxation -- were all defeated. Who can sign the petition: Legal voters (Const. 19-121. Which election: The first statewide election held more than 180 days after adjournment of the session during which the act was passed (Const. III, 1). $100; refunded if application is properly filed, Const. Other subject restrictions: The initiative power extends only to laws which the legislature may enact (M.C.L.A. To place amendment on ballot, legislature must pass resolution with three-fifths majority (F.S.A. Who can sign the petition: Qualified electors of the state of Montana (MCA 13-27-102). (21-A M.R.S.A. 22-24-402). Circulator requirements: At least 18 years old and a qualified elector (34 Okl.St.Ann. Art. Art. XI, 2 and AS 15.45.260). 168.32). Michigan: The director of elections, with the approval of the board of canvassers, prepares a statement of designation for the ballot. Conflicting measures: The measure receiving the greatest number of affirmative votes prevails (N.R.S. Where to file: Secretary of state (OR CONST Art. ; The referendum process allows citizens to refer a law that passed the legislature to the ballot for voters to decide whether to uphold or repeal the law. Original title of the act that is subject to the referendum is included (A.C.A. Rev. Other requirements may include a legal warning, a statement that the petition circulator is paid, a summary of the proposed measure, the full text of the measure, the county or district where the signature was collected and more. Verification: Random sampling (SDCL 2-1-16). Mississippi: Attorney general may confer with proponents and may recommend revisions. Colorado. 6, 22), Washington (RCWA Const. Const. Submission deadline for signatures: Within 90 days after the adjournment of the legislative session at which it was passed (Const. The popular referendum is a measure that appears on the ballot as a result of a voter petition drive and is similar to the initiative in that both are triggered by petitions, but there are important differences. Like the initiative and referendum, recall originated in Switzerland, where it was made applicable to the entire legislature as well as to individual officials. 19, 3; N.R.S. Stat. Art. The chief petitioners may withdraw at any time before submitting the total number of signatures for verification. Constitution 48, Init., Pt. 48), South Dakota (Const. They also randomly select signatures on each page and compare them to the electors' signatures in the registration records. Const. Persons involved in a statewide initiative or referendum process are subject to the provisions of the Nebraska Political Accountability and Disclosure Act. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: Any measure referred to the people by referendum petition shall remain in abeyance until such vote is taken; the filing of a referendum petition against one or more items, sections or parts of any act shall not delay the remainder from becoming operative. Const. 23-17-45). Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of the commonwealth drafts a fair, concise summary that appears on petitions and on the ballot (Const. Petitions must be submitted by 5 p.m. on or before the 90th day after the recess of the legislature, or if the 90th day is a weekend or holiday, by 5 p.m. on the preceding day that is not a weekend or holiday. A requirement for 5% of the registered voters in two-fifths of the counties each was held unconstitutional, but that case was vacated because of an issue of standing. Who can sign the petition: Registered qualified voters (Cal.Elec.Code 105, 9020, 9021), Geographic distribution: None, but may only sign petition circulated in the county of registration (Cal.Elec.Code 9021), Collected in-person: Yes (Cal.Elec.Code 100), Withdrawal process of individual signature: Written request with county election official before petition is filed (Cal.Elec.Code 103, 9602). Circulator requirements: Must be at least 18 and an Ohio resident (O.R.C. Since the early 1970s, the initiative has increased greatly in popularity. If a congressional district has 90 % of the needed valid signatures, the petition fails in that district. One year after the petition is approved by the secretary of state for collection, and deadline of 120 days before the election it is to be voted upon.
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