It is also the administrative, commercial, educational and economic hub of the country. note: data are in current year dollars, United States 60%, El Salvador 5%, Mexico 5% (2019), clothing and apparel, gold, insulated wiring, coffee, beef (2019), $8.306 billion (2021 est.) The Nicaraguan Revolution of 1979 to overthrow the Somoza regime and the 11-year-long Contra War of the 1980s further devastated the city and its economy. 1950 110,000. [21] Nicaragua's higher education system consists of 48 universities and 113 colleges, vocational and technical institutes which serve students in the areas of electronics, computer systems and sciences, agroforestry, construction and trade-related services. Nicaragua's total fertility rate has fallen from around 6 children per woman in 1980 to below replacement level today, but the high birth rate among adolescents perpetuates a cycle of poverty and low educational attainment. ), cordobas (NIO) per US dollar -35.171 (2021 est. There are four main highways that lead into Managua. The airport, known as Aeropuerto Sandino or MGA to locals, serves as the primary hub for connections at both domestic and international levels. The two airlines most popular with KAYAK users for flights from Managua to New York are Avianca and Copa Airlines. As stated before Managua only has two seasons, the dry and the rainy. It is home to many factories which produce diverse products. The highest mountain peak (Pico Mogotn) is at . The Sandino monument was constructed on top of the wreckage of the old Mozarabic-style presidential palace commissioned by President Sacasa in the late 1920s but long used by the Somoza Family as their personal residence. The country's railroads fell into disrepair during the 1980s. ), $5,600 (2021 est. Located on Lake Managua's south western shores is, Managua - the capital, the largest and the most populated city of Nicaragua. )expenditures: $4.15 billion (2017 est. ), fossil fuels: 37.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29, 198 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Democratic institutions have weakened under the ORTEGA regime as the president has garnered full control over all branches of government, especially after cracking down on a nationwide pro-democracy protest movement in 2018. ), degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 3.69 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. (male 180,441/female 231,392), total dependency ratio: 54.4youth dependency ratio: 46.4elderly dependency ratio: 8potential support ratio: 12.6 (2021 est. Managua, like much of Western Nicaragua, except for the Sierras, has a tropical climate with constant temperatures averaging between 28 and 32C (82 and 90F). )agricultural: 1.185 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Construction lasted from 1928 to 1938, overseen by Pablo Dambach, who was a Belgian engineer residing in Managua. 16 Nov. 2009. There are two possible origins for the name "Managua". ms de, Select the correct answer. There are 36 bus routes in Managua. In 1950, the population of Managua was 109,903 . Temperatures are highest in March, April and May when the sun lies directly overhead and the summer rainfall has yet to begin. )forest: 25.3% (2018 est. If you use our datasets on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America. [2] The city was hampered by major floods in 1876 and 1885. Managua's ability to cope with the disaster was also limited. In 2005, almost 400,000 (7%) of Nicaraguans held a university degree. [citation needed]. Download Historical Data Save as Image From: To: Zoom: )$2.397 billion (31 December 2019 est. The museum is located in west Managua in the Acahualinca neighborhood. It gained its current prominence primarily because of its position . The importance of sugarcane, rice, sorghum, cattle, and horses is decreasing. Managua Urban Area Population History. mas )-1.79% (2020 est. After losing free and fair elections in 1990, 1996, and 2001, former Sandinista President Daniel ORTEGA was elected president in 2006, 2011, 2016, and most recently in 2021. [50], Managua is also home to Museo Sitio Huellas de Acahualinca (the Museum of Acahualinca), where the Ancient footprints of Acahualinca, fossilized Paleo American footprints made 2,100 years ago, are engraved in volcanic ash. )31.2% of GDP (2016 est. Managua is also home to all of the major banks of the nation, Banco de la Produccin (BANPRO), BAC Credomatic, Banco de Finanzas (BDF), Banco de Crdito Centroamericano (Bancentro) and its parent company the Lafise Group. [52] The monument was proposed by Ernesto Cardenal and is protected by the Nicaraguan military. The architects had been inspired by the church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris, France. The library also has a gallery in the same building, where notable Nicaraguan paintings, as well as pieces from new promising artists, are exhibited. With a population well beyond a million, Managua is the second biggest metro area in Central America and by far the biggest city and urban center in Nicaragua. It produces a variety of small manufactures, including processed meat, furniture, metal, and textiles, and it has an oil refinery. In 2006, after the Sandinista National Liberation Front came back into power, literacy, health and reconstruction programs were expanded. The Nicaraguan Revolution was ultimately responsible for the death of 2% of the Nicaraguan population, 50,000 people. [22] The educational system includes 1 United States accredited English language university, 3 bilingual university programs, 5 bilingual secondary schools and dozens of English Language Institutes. )crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est. [49], Within the Revolution Square is the Parque Central (Central Park) which contains many historical monuments, some dedicated to national heroes and poets. Salsa dancing is a national pastime. Managua is home to an array of art galleries which feature pieces by both national and international artists.[40]. 5 million B. Managua Population: (2023 est.) The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, more commonly referred to as the New Cathedral, was designed by architect Ricardo Legorreta and inaugurated in 1993. Corrections? )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Managua serves as the company's hub, with buses departing from Managua to San Jos, Costa Rica, Tegucigalpa, San Salvador and Choluteca. For more than 50years, the National Palace housed the Congress. A transport map[66] of the city's 44 bus routes was created in 2016 in a crowdsourcing initiative by the Nicaraguan OpenStreetMap community. )34.342 (2020 est. [citation needed] The project included the possibility of building a metro that would cross over the old center of the capital that remains rather unchanged since the 1972 earthquake. [17] Managua is also Nicaragua's main political, social, cultural, educational and economic hub. The city is only 163 feet (50 metres) above sea level and is one of Central Americas warmest capitals. note: data are in current year dollars$5.714 billion (2019 est.) The population in Managua, to 2021, is: 1.3 million people Managua population. The metro would serve important locales, such as the Augusto C. Sandino International Airport and continue service to Ciudad Sandino. It survived the 1972 earthquake. The city's chief products include beer, coffee, pharmaceuticals, textiles, shoes, matches, construction products, etc. In addition there are two bus routes that formerly connected to outside parts of Managua, but these became now are part of the city (Esquipulas and Los Vanegas). There is no precipitation between November and April. Also on the crater lip of Tiscapa is the Mazmorras, a prison where current President Daniel Ortega and many other political prisoners were tortured during the Somoza regime. Managua's 2023 population is now estimated at 1,291,800. )$5,300 (2019 est. 11/05/2011, Last edited on 22 February 2023, at 02:02, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Institute of History of Nicaragua and Central America, Liga Centroamericana de clubes de baloncesto, Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, "Managua en el Tiempo: La "Novia del Xolotln", "Resurge el centro de Managua en busca de su antiguo esplendor", Proyecto NIC10-59044: Promocin de un Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible para Managua Metropolitana, "Deadly history of earthquakes: 23 December 1972", ENACAL - Ms Aguas y Saneamientos 2007-2010, "Topic 4: Megaproject to Clean up Lake Managua Begins", Nicaragua inaugurates $86 million treatment plan to clean up Lake Managua, "Klimatafel von Managua (Int. Restaurants and stores line the walls of the lagoon. [citation needed]. Pop. [citation needed], The National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN) (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Nicaragua) is the main state-funded public university of Nicaragua. Managua and Puerto Cabezas, located in the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region are also connected via road. Estos , ng something close to the person taking the picture, and to ladies coming from further away. To add insult to injury, corruption within the Somoza regime which allocated part of the relief funds hindered the reconstruction of the city's center which remains somewhat isolated from the rest of the capital. ), urban population: 59.8% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. [45] As of March 2008, homosexuality is no longer illegal and no longer carries a prison sentence. les, Yo ______me_______ doy de comer a mis perros dos veces al da. Domestic flights are operated by La Costea from the international airport. Managua's progress came to a sudden halt after it suffered a second major earthquake on December 23, 1972, which destroyed 90% of the city's downtown and killed more than 19,120 people. Today, it houses the National Archive, the National Library, as well as the National Museum which is open to the public. ), 5.96% (2021 est. It may have originated from the term Mana-ahuac, which in the Nahuatl language translates to "adjacent to the water" or site "surrounded by water". )6.08% (2020 est. Today's references differentiate the pre-1970s Managua by labeling it as La Antigua Ciudad, which in English translates to "The Ancient City" or "The Old City". Population 6,203,441 Population Growth Rate 1.05% Urban Population 57.5% Population in Major Urban Areas MANAGUA (capital) 970,000 ), total subscriptions: 210,981 (2020 est. Managua is the biggest and capital city of Nicaragua. Managua boasts a vibrant night life. Inside the National Palace of Culture is the National Museum, containing archeological finds with some examples of pre-Columbian pottery, statues, and other findings. The city has railroad and highway connections with the Pacific port of Corinto and with the cities of Len and Granada. Are Nicaraguans white or black? Northwest of Managua, in the city of Len, lived the poet Alfonso Corts (1893-1969), who had been declared "mad" at the age of 34 and chained in his bedroom. Also part of the exhibit is the Hall of National History and the Hall of National Symbols. Managua is home to many types of museums, some art museums include the Julio Cortzar Museum and the Archivo Flmico de la Cinemateca Nacional. There's a different slogan or theme every year. However, with support of the FIFA, the first national soccer stadium in Managua is under construction.[46]. [23] In 2014, the Neil Armstrong Observatory was completed in Managua. )0.6% of GDP (2019) (approximately $170 million)0.6% of GDP (2018) (approximately $180 million)0.6% of GDP (2017) (approximately $190 million), approximately 12,000 active personnel (10,000 Army; 800 Navy; 1,200 Air Force) (2022), the Nicaraguan military's inventory includes mostly secondhand Russian/Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, Russia has been the leading arms supplier to Nicaragua (2022), 18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; tour of duty 18-36 months; requires Nicaraguan nationality and 6th-grade education (2022), the modern Army of Nicaragua was created in 1979 as the Sandinista Popular Army (1979-1984); prior to 1979, the military was known as the National Guard, which was organized and trained by the US in the 1920s and 1930s; the first commander of the National Guard, Anastasio SOMOZA GARCIA, seized power in 1937 and ran the country as a military dictator until his assassination in 1956; his sons ran the country either directly or through figureheads until the Sandinistas came to power in 1979; the defeated National Guard was disbanded by the Sandinistas (2022), Nicaragua-El Salvador-Honduras: the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; the court ruled, rather, that the Gulf ofFonsecarepresents a condominium, with control being shared by El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua; the decision allowed for the possibility that the three nations could divide the waters at a later date if they wished to do so, Nicaragua-Costa Rica: Nicaragua and Costa Rica regularly file border dispute cases with the ICJ over the delimitations of the San Juan River and the northern tip of Calero Island, virtually uninhabited areas claimed by both countries; there is an ongoing case in the ICJ to determine Pacific and Atlantic ocean maritime borders as well as land borders; in 2009, the ICJ ruled that Costa Rican vessels carrying out police activities could not use the river, but official Costa Rican vessels providing essential services to riverside inhabitants and Costa Rican tourists could travel freely on the river; in 2011, the ICJ provisionally ruled that both countries must remove personnel from the disputed area; in 2013, the ICJ rejected Nicaragua's 2012 suit to halt Costa Rica's construction of a highway paralleling the river on the grounds of irreparable environmental damage; in 2013, the ICJ, regarding the disputed territory, ordered that Nicaragua should refrain from dredging or canal construction and refill and repair damage caused by trenches connecting the river to the Caribbean and upheld its 2010 ruling that Nicaragua must remove all personnel; in early 2014, Costa Rica brought Nicaragua to the ICJ over offshore oil concessions in the disputed region; in 2018, the ICJ ruled that Nicaragua must remove a military base from a contested coastal area near the San Juan River, and that Costa Rica had sovereignty over the northern part of Isla Portillos, including the coast, but excluding Harbour Head Lagoon; additionally, Honduras was required to pay reparations for environmental damage to part of the wetlands at the mouth of the San Juan River, Nicaragua-Colombia: Nicaragua filed a case with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) against Colombia in 2013 over the delimitation of the Continental shelf beyond the 200 nautical miles from the Nicaraguan coast, as well as over the alleged violation by Colombia of Nicaraguan maritime space in the Caribbean Sea, which contains rich oil and fish resources; as of September 2021, Colombia refuses to abide by the ICJ ruling, tier rating: Tier 3 Nicaragua does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so and was downgraded to Tier 3; the government identified slightly more victims than in the previous reporting period and prosecuted a trafficker; however, no traffickers were convicted and victim identification remained inadequate; authorities did not investigate, prosecute, or convict government employees complicit in trafficking; the government provided no victim services; prosecution, protection, and prevention efforts in the two Caribbean autonomous regions of Nicaragua continued to be much weaker than in the rest of the country (2020)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Nicaragua and Nicaraguans abroad; women, children, and migrants are most at risk; women and children are subject to sex trafficking within the country and its two Caribbean autonomous regions, as well as in other Central American countries, Mexico, Spain, and the United States; traffickers used social media to recruit victims with promises of high-paying jobs in restaurants, hotels, construction, and security outside of Nicaragua where they are subjected to sex or labor trafficking; traffickers exploit children through forced participation in illegal drug production and trafficking; children and persons with disabilities are subjected to forced begging; Nicaragua is also a destination for child sex tourists from the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, a transit route for drug traffickers smuggling cocaine from South America through Mexico into the United States via maritime and air routes, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). 0-14 years: 24.16% (male 784,847/female 751,616)15-64 years: 69.36% (male 2,134,871/female 2,276,522)65 years and over: 6.48% (2023 est.) The city is surrounded by rich agricultural lands devoted primarily to the cultivation of coffee, cotton, and corn (maize). United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035. After another disastrous earthquake in 1972, the business section was rebuilt 6 miles (10 km) away (to the south and west) from the former city centre. At the time, Managua's limited resources had to be directed to other disaster relief purposes. )investment in inventories: 1.7% (2017 est. New private courts have played a big role in the promotion of amateur games and tournaments. )exports: 0 kWh (2019 est. ), $6.617 billion (2021 est.) ), -2.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. The capital city of Managua is situated halfway between two of Nicaragua's colonial jewels: the revolutionary city of Leon and the glittering gem that is Granada, founded in 1524. [14], Managua is located on the southern shores of Lake Managua, also known as Lake Xolotln. ), forest revenues: 1.26% of GDP (2018 est. [47], The Rubn Daro National Theatre is Nicaragua's most important theater, and is one of the most modern theaters in Central America. )imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Adjetivos demostrativos: This, these, that, and those. )imports of goods and services: -55.4% (2017 est. [citation needed] Restoration of the old cathedral has appeared to be possible. At the same time, the city is served by the Augusto C. Sandino International Airport, the country's primary international gateway, and regional Los Brasiles airport and Punta Huete military air base, recently renewed. ), conventional long form: Republic of Nicaraguaconventional short form: Nicaragualocal long form: Republica de Nicaragualocal short form: Nicaraguaetymology: Nicarao was the name of the largest indigenous settlement at the time of Spanish arrival; conquistador Gil GONZALEZ Davila, who explored the area (1622-23), combined the name of the community with the Spanish word "agua" (water), referring to the two large lakes in the west of the country (Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua), name: Managuageographic coordinates: 12 08 N, 86 15 Wtime difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: may derive from the indigenous Nahuatl term "mana-ahuac," which translates as "adjacent to the water" or a site "surrounded by water"; the city is situated on the southwestern shore of Lake Managua, 15 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 2 autonomous regions* (regiones autonomistas, singular - region autonoma); Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Costa Caribe Norte*, Costa Caribe Sur*, Esteli, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rio San Juan, Rivas, history: several previous; latest adopted 19 November 1986, effective 9 January 1987amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or assent of at least half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires approval by 60% of the membership of the next elected Assembly and promulgation by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2021, civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: no, except in cases where bilateral agreements existresidency requirement for naturalization: 4 years, chief of state: President Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Rosario MURILLO Zambrana (since 10 January 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Rosario MURILLO Zambrana (since 10 January 2017)cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified plurality vote for a 5-year term (no term limits as of 2014); election last held on 7 November 2021 (next to be held on 1 November 2026)election results: 2021: Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra reelected president for a fourth consecutive term; percent of vote - Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 75.9%, Walter ESPINOZA (PLC) 14.3%, Guillermo OSORNO (CCN) 3.3%, Marcelo MONTIEL (ALN) 3.1%, other 3.4%2016: Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra reelected president for a third consecutive term; percent of vote - Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 72.4%, Maximino RODRIGUEZ (PLC) 15%, Jose del Carmen ALVARADO (PLI) 4.5%, Saturnino CERRATO Hodgson (ALN) 4.3%, other 3.7%, description: unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (92 statutory seats, current 91; 70 members in multi-seat constituencies, representing the country's 15 departments and 2 autonomous regions, and 20 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; up to 2 seats reserved for the previous president and the runner-up candidate in the previous presidential election; members serve 5-year terms)elections: last held on 7 November 2021 (next to be held on 1 November 2026)election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FSLN 75, PLC 10, ALN 2, APRE 1, PLI 2, YATAMA 1; composition - men 45, women 46, percent of women 50.6%, highest court(s): Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 16 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and constitutional chambers)judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly to serve 5-year staggered termssubordinate courts: Appeals Court; first instance civil, criminal, and labor courts; military courts are independent of the Supreme Court, Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Carlos CANALES]Alternative for Change or AC (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Orlando Jose TARDENCILLA]Autonomous Liberal Party or PAL [Rene Margarito BELLO ROMERO]Caribbean Unity Movement or PAMUC [Armando Francisco ARISTA FLORES]Christian Unity Party or PUC (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Guillermo Daniel ORTEGA REYES]Citizens for Liberty or CxL [Carmella ROGERS AUMBURN]; note - barred from participating in the presidential election by the Supreme Electoral Council on 6 August 2021Conservative Party or PC [Alfredo CESAR Aguirre]Democratic Restoration Party or PRD [Saturnino CERRATO]; note - canceled by the Supreme Electoral Council on 18 May 2021Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Mario ASENSIO]Liberal Constitutionalist Party or PLC [Maria Haydee OSUNA]Moskitia Indigenous Progressive Movement or MOSKITIA PAWANKA (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Wycliff Diego BLANDON]Multiethnic Indigenous Party or PIM (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Carla Elvis WHITE HODGSON]Nationalist Liberal Party or PLN (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Constantino Raul VELASQUEZ]Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance or ALN [Alejandro MEJIA Ferreti]Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or CCN [Guillermo OSORNO]Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Julio Cesar BLANDON SANCHEZ]Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [Suyen BARAHONA Cuan]; note - canceled by the Supreme Electoral Council on 21 June 2008; in January 2021, they rebranded and now call themselves Democratic Renovation Union or UNAMOSSons of Mother Earth or YATAMA [Brooklyn RIVERA]The New Sons of Mother Earth Movement or MYATAMARAN (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Osorno Salomon COLEMAN], BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Francisco Obadiah CAMPBELL Hooker (since 28 June 2010)chancery: 1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 939-6570; [1] (202) 939-6573FAX: [1] (202) 939-6545consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, chief of mission: Ambassador Kevin K. SULLIVAN (since 14 November 2018)embassy: Kilometer 5.5 Carretera Sur, Managuamailing address: 3240 Managua Place, Washington DC 20521-3240telephone: [505] 2252-7100,FAX: [505] 2252-7250email address and website: ACS.Managua@state.govhttps://ni.usembassy.gov/, three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; the banner is based on the former blue-white-blue flag of the Federal Republic of Central America; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, while the white band represents the land between the two bodies of waternote: similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band, turquoise-browed motmot (bird); national colors: blue, white, name: "Salve a ti, Nicaragua" (Hail to Thee, Nicaragua)lyrics/music: Salomon Ibarra MAYORGA/traditional, arranged by Luis Abraham DELGADILLOnote: although only officially adopted in 1971, the music was approved in 1918 and the lyrics in 1939; the tune, originally from Spain, was used as an anthem for Nicaragua from the 1830s until 1876, total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Ruins of Len Viejo; Len Cathedral, low-income Central American economy; until 2018, nearly 20 years of sustained GDP growth; recent struggles due to COVID-19, political instability, and hurricanes; significant remittances; increasing poverty and food scarcity since 2005; sanctions limit investment, $38.628 billion (2021 est.
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